Higher Body Mass Index Or BMI Predicts Very Slightly Lower Cardio Heart Rate Zone for Population

Cardio Heart Rate Zone was generally 37% higher than average after an average of 28.3 index of Body Mass Index Or BMI over the previous 4 days.

Aggregated data from 59 study participants suggests with a HIGH degree of confidence (p=0.129, 95% CI -5.292 to 5.158) that Body Mass Index Or BMI has a very weakly negative predictive relationship (R=-0.067) with Cardio Heart Rate Zone.

The highest quartile of Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes measurements were observed following an average 28.4 index Body Mass Index Or BMI.

The lowest quartile of Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes measurements were observed following an average 28.5 index of Body Mass Index Or BMI.

After an onset delay of 0 seconds, Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes is typically 30% lower than average over the 4 days following around 28.5 index Body Mass Index Or BMI.

The objective of this study is to determine the nature of the relationship (if any) between Body Mass Index Or BMI and Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes. Additionally, we attempt to determine the Body Mass Index Or BMI values most likely to produce optimal Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes values.

Manual Recording Option

Create a reminder for Body Mass Index or BMI here and record it daily by enabling notifications or using the reminder inbox here .

Manual Recording Option

Create a reminder for Cardio Heart Rate Zone here and record it daily by enabling notifications or using the reminder inbox here .

This study is based on data donated by 59 participants. Thus, the study design is equivalent to the aggregation of 59 separate n=1 observational natural experiments.

Body Mass Index or BMI Pre-Processing

Body Mass Index or BMI measurement values below 0 index were assumed erroneous and removed. Body Mass Index or BMI measurement values above 100 index were assumed erroneous and removed. No missing data filling value was defined for Body Mass Index or BMI so any gaps in data were just not analyzed instead of assuming zero values for those times.

Cardio Heart Rate Zone Pre-Processing

Cardio Heart Rate Zone measurement values below 0 seconds were assumed erroneous and removed. Cardio Heart Rate Zone measurement values above 7 days were assumed erroneous and removed. It was assumed that any gaps in Cardio Heart Rate Zone data were unrecorded 0 seconds measurement values.

Predictive Analytics

It was assumed that 0 seconds would pass before a change in Body Mass Index Or BMI would produce an observable change in Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes.

It was assumed that Body Mass Index Or BMI could produce an observable change in Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes for as much as 4 days after the stimulus event.

Using a two-tailed t-test with alpha = 0.05, it was determined that the change in Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes is statistically significant at 95% confidence interval.

After treatment, a 28% decrease (negative 4 minutes) from the mean baseline 25 minutes was observed. The relative standard deviation at baseline was 191.512%. The observed change was 0.928902 times the standard deviation.

A common rule of thumb considers a change greater than twice the baseline standard deviation on two separate pre-post experiments may be considered significant. This occurrence would have only a 5% likelihood of resulting from random fluctuation (a p-value < 0.05).

Body Mass Index Or BMI data was primarily collected using Fitbit. Fitbit makes activity tracking easy and automatic.

Cardio Heart Rate Zone Minutes data was primarily collected using Fitbit. Fitbit makes activity tracking easy and automatic.

As with any human experiment, it was impossible to control for all potentially confounding variables. Correlation does not necessarily imply causation. We can never know for sure if one factor is definitely the cause of an outcome. However, lack of correlation definitely implies the lack of a causal relationship. Hence, we can with great confidence rule out non-existent relationships. For instance, if we discover no relationship between mood and an antidepressant this information is just as or even more valuable than the discovery that there is a relationship.

We can also take advantage of several characteristics of time series data from many subjects to infer the likelihood of a causal relationship if we do find a correlational relationship. The criteria for causation are a group of minimal conditions necessary to provide adequate evidence of a causal relationship between an incidence and a possible consequence.

Criteria For Causal Inference

Strength (A.K.A. Effect Size)

A small association does not mean that there is not a causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely that it is causal. There is a very weakly negative (R = -0.067) relationship between Body Mass Index Or BMI and Cardio Heart Rate Zone.

Consistency (A.K.A. Reproducibility)

Consistent findings observed by different persons in different places with different samples strengthens the likelihood of an effect. Furthermore, in accordance with the law of large numbers (LLN), the predictive power and accuracy of these results will continually grow over time. 17172 paired data points were used in this analysis. Assuming that the relationship is merely coincidental, as the participant independently modifies their Body Mass Index Or BMI values, the observed strength of the relationship will decline until it is below the threshold of significance. To it another way, in the case that we do find a spurious correlation, suggesting that banana intake improves mood for instance, one will likely increase their banana intake. Due to the fact that this correlation is spurious, it is unlikely that you will see a continued and persistent corresponding increase in mood. So over time, the spurious correlation will naturally dissipate.

Specificity

Causation is likely if a very specific population at a specific site and disease with no other likely explanation. The more specific an association between a factor and an effect is, the bigger the probability of a causal relationship.

Temporality

The effect has to occur after the cause (and if there is an expected delay between the cause and expected effect, then the effect must occur after that delay). The confidence in a causal relationship is bolstered by the fact that time-precedence was taken into account in all calculations.

Biological Gradient

Greater exposure should generally lead to greater incidence of the effect. However, in some cases, the mere presence of the factor can trigger the effect. In other cases, an inverse proportion is observed: greater exposure leads to lower incidence.

Plausibility

A plausible bio-chemical mechanism between cause and effect is critical. This is where human brains excel.

Based on our responses so far,

0 humans feel that there is a plausible mechanism of action for a relationship between Body Mass Index Or BMI and Cardio Heart Rate Zone.

0 humans feel that any relationship observed between Body Mass Index Or BMI and Cardio Heart Rate Zone is coincidental.

Coherence

Coherence between epidemiological and laboratory findings increases the likelihood of an effect. It will be very enlightening to aggregate this data with the data from other participants with similar genetic, diseasomic, environmentomic, and demographic profiles.

Experiment

All of human life can be considered a natural experiment. Occasionally, it is possible to appeal to experimental evidence.

Analogy

The effect of similar factors may be considered.

A plausible bio-chemical mechanism between cause and effect is critical. This is where human brains excel. Based on our responses so far, 0 humans feel that there is a plausible mechanism of action and 0 feel that any relationship observed between Body Mass Index Or BMI and Cardio Heart Rate Zone is coincidental.